The YZF-R1 come equipped with the next generation of Yamaha's unique 998cc inline four-cylinder crossplane crankshaft engine for refined performance. Returning features such as titanium fracture-split connecting rods and offset cylinders contribute to a responsive and potent character, while the cylinder head, fuel injectors, finger-follower rocker arms, and camshaft profiles are new for 2020.

Redesigned bodywork contributes to higher-quality performance and a more comfortable rider fit. The new design creates a 5.3% increase in aerodynamic efficiency while reducing wind noise and pressure on the rider when in a tucked position, and improved comfort comes from smoother side sections where the rider's legs contact the bike. The 2020 YZF-R1M also receives a new carbon fibre tail cowl.

New lightweight, compact LED twin headlights for both the low and high beam, combined with the redesigned body styling to create a new front face symbolising the next-generation of R-Series design.

A Communication Control Unit (CCU) enables checks of the various forms of machine information and simplifies the setting process in order to heighten the instrument panel's function as a rider-machine interface. Comprised of the CCU and a GPS antenna, running data can be recorded via a data logger, and with the GPS function, the system also enables automatic lap time recording on circuit course.